| Functional Group | Molecule | Philic/Phobic | Polarity | pH | Found In |
| ---------------- | -------- | --------------- | ------------- | ------- | --------------- |
| Hydroxyl | R-OH | Hydrophilic | Polar | Neutral | Alcohols |
| Carbonyl | C=O | Hydrophilic | Polar | Neutral | Sugars |
| Carboxyl | R-COOH | Hydrophilic | Polar | Acidic | Fatty Acids |
| Amino | R-NH2 | Hydrophilic | Polar | Basic | Amino Acids |
| Phosphate | R-PO4 | Hydrophilic | Polar | Acidic | Phospholipids |
| Methyl | R-CH3 | Hydro**phobic** | **Non**-polar | Neutral | DNA Methylation |